منابع مشابه
Teratogen update: iodine deficiency, a community teratogen.
In the last decade, iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) have become recognized as the most common preventable cause of mental retardation worldwide. Iodine deficiency interferes severely with prenatal and postnatal growth and neurologic development of individuals. It has condemned tens of millions of children to cretinism—characterized by mental and growth retardation, rigid spastic motor disorde...
متن کاملDisrupting the establishment of polarizing activity by teratogen exposure
Between days 9.5 and 10, the forelimb buds of developing murine embryos progress from stage 1 which are just beginning to express shh and whose posterior mesoderm has only weak polarizing activity to stage 2 limbs with a distinguishable shh expression domain and full polarizing activity. We find that exposure on day 9.5 to teratogens that induce the loss of posterior skeletal elements disrupts ...
متن کاملCocaine as a Teratogen
Cocaine use by pregnant women has a variety of effects on the embryo and fetus [5], ranging from various gastro-intestinal and cardiac defects to tissue death from insufficient blood supply. Thus, cocaine has been termed a teratogen, or an agent that causes defects in fetuses during prenatal development. Cocaine is one of the most commonly used drugs in the US and it has a history of both medic...
متن کاملTeratogen update: inorganic arsenic.
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic has been used by many laboratories to study the pathogenesis of exencephaly in rodents. These studies, which used predominantly injection exposures, coupled with the paucity of epidemiology data, resulted in the erroneous inference that inorganic arsenic should be considered a human teratogen. METHODS This study assembles and assesses literature analyses of older ...
متن کاملTeratogen update: methotrexate.
Methotrexate and aminopterin are folic acid antagonists that inhibit dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in a block in the synthesis of thymidine and inhibition of DNA synthesis. Methotrexate has been used for the treatment of malignancy, rheumatic disorders, and psoriasis and termination of intrauterine pregnancy. Recently, methotrexate has become a standard treatment for ectopic pregnancy. The...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
سال: 1994
ISSN: 0960-7692
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1994.04060444-2.x